Proclus; Commentary on Plato’s Timaeus; Vol II; Book 2: Proclus on the Causes of the Cosmos and its Creation; translated with an introduction and notes by David T. Runia and Michael Share; Cambridge University Press; 2008.Summary of the six causes: 263.19–264.3The causes of the cosmos are thus the following: the final cause, the paradigmatic cause, the efficient cause, the instrumental cause, the formal cause, the material cause. The final cause he himself will reveal to us later when it appears from the account and its demonstrations.* The instrumental and the material and the formal cause he will teach us on [25] the basis of the first principles enunciated earlier. For if the universe is not being, but rather that which has come into being, there is a form which is participated in by matter, and there is also the direct source of movement for these [two].* As for the efficient cause, it is disclosed in the present passage. For if the universe is [something] that has come into being, there is a cause which brings about its existence (cf. 28a4–5, c2–3). The paradigmatic cause will emerge from the passage that follows the 30 present one. For if the cosmos is beautiful, it comes into being modeled [264] on eteal being (cf. 28c5–29a4). The result is that by means of these first principles he has tracked down353 for us the causes of the universe and taught them all in proper order. This too is a useful service that the basic principles provide him with.پرُکلُس؛ شرح تیمائوس افل

تجربهٔ تفکر:[v.] 'want, wish' (ll.). *gwel_ (*gWelh3-?) 'want, wish"The other tenses are based on the present: βουλήσομαι, ἐβουλήθην, βεβούλημαι. On βεβούλα (A 113) see below .• Arc.-Cypr. Eretr. (also Hom., see Chantraine 1942: 311) βόλομαι, Lesb. βόλλομαι, Dor. (Cret.) βώλομαι; Thess. βέλλομαι, Boeot. βείλομαι [also βήλομαι], Dor. (Heracl., etc.) δήλομαι, Locr. Delph. δείλομαι.βουλή 'will, decision, council' (ll.); Dor. Arc. βωλά, Lesb. βόλλα. Denominative βουλεύω (βωλ, βολλ-εύω), -ομαι 'deliberate' (ll.), with many derivatives: βούλευμαι, βουλεία, βουλευτής, βουλευτήριον 'council chamber'.The verb has been much discussed, yet there is no agreement on its prehistory (the root must have been *gWel-/gWol-). We can assume that there was a perfect * βέβολα with present meaning, a trace of which could be found in προ-βέβουλα (A 113), with ου from βούλομαι. The o-vocalism and the β- may have spread from there. (We caot exclude influence from βουλή, but this is probably itself to be derived from the present.) However, it seems doubtful that the perfect alone is the source of the pervasive o-vocalism. The central problem is the origin of the present, for which a suffix -n- or -s- has been assumed, although Ruijgh Lingua 25 (1970): 315f. maintains that only -λν- can explain the compensatory lengthening (see also Slings Mnem. 28 (1975): 1-16). Peters 1986: 311 suggested a root in *-h3' which may help to explain the o-vocalism: a nasal present *gwl-n-h3- would have yielded *βαλνο- [